Foreign Direct Investment By Multinational Corporations

Developing countries lag behind the rest of the world in many aspects of life including economy, education, and welfare. Achieving progress in any of these three areas is important in getting these countries on par or at least closer to the standard of living present in developed nations. Numerous of hypotheses have been posed to tackle and address these issues. This paper examines the aspect of improving the economy and whether or not foreign direct investment by multinational corporations would benefit developing countries. Some may argue, including the renowned artist Frida Kahlo that foreign direct investments may actually lead to a decline in culture and exploitation. However, this paper argues that the economy in developing countries could be significantly improved by properly introducing foreign direct investment by multinational corporations. Foreign direct investment (FDI) made by multinational corporations would spur the economy in developing countries which in turn would lay the groundwork for improvements in other important aspects including education and welfare without a decline in culture and exploitation of citizens. Developing countries are stuck in a cycle of poverty that can’t be broken from within the domestic economy due to an insufficient supply of investment available in these countries to raise the productivity and income levels of workers. The only way to break the cycle of poverty is through investment from multinational corporations. FDI is anShow MoreRelatedMultinational Corporations; There Definition and Evolution1034 Words   |  5 PagesA Multinational Corporation has been described as one that has production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and makes its major management decisions in a global context. In marketing, production, research and development, and labor relations, its decisions must be made in terms of host-country customs and traditions. In finance, many of its problems have no domestic counterpart-the payment of dividends in another currency, for example, or the need to shelter workingRead MoreForeign Direct Investment in Nigeria7 51 Words   |  4 PagesReference: Agarwal, J.P. (1980) Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Survey, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 116, pp. 739-773 Akinlo, A.E. 2004. Foreign direct investment and growth in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. Journal of Policy Modelling, 26: 627-39. Aliber, Robert Z. The Multinational Enterprise in a Multiple Currency World. In The Multinational Enterprise, ed. John H. Dunning. London: Allen Unwin, 1971. Aluko, S.A. (1961). Financing economic development in NigeriaRead MoreHow Does Exchange Rate Stability Affect Hedging Strategies For Multinational Organizations?832 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment How does exchange rate stability affect hedging strategies for multinational organizations? Multinational organizations enjoy economies of scale that can span between multiple continents. Due to the size of the multinational organization, there can be risks that creates ebbs and flows of profits and expenses based upon multiple currency rate exchange differences. If the multinational corporation owns foreign direct investments, and the currency appreciates in relationship to the dollar, thereRead MoreGlobalization Is A Process Of Greater Interdependence Among Countries And Their Citizens1398 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased integration of product and resource markets across nations via trade, immigration, and foreign investment- that is, via international flows of goods and services, of people, and of investment such as equipment, factories, stocks, and bonds. Globalization is driven by technological change and the liberalization of trade and opening up of the markets. Globalization has given a rise to multinational companies. After the Second World War, there has been an increase in growth in international tradeRead MoreDescribe some of the positive and negative roles played by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in the contemporary world economy?1557 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is a Multinational Corporation (MNCs)? Multinational companies are firms with their home base in one country and operations in many other nations. Most of these very immense firms establish in third word countries or developing countries where they could manufacture the same identical product for very low costs compared to establishing the same firm in the western countries producing that product. Although transnational corporations (TNCs) are commonly thought to be synonymousRead MoreThe Role Of Multinational Companies1734 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions and factors that have an impact on the competitiveness of enterprises. Drafted the research problem requires a comprehensive approach - including the aspects and characteristics of the MNE, foreign investment importance and competitive advantage. Multinational companies The role of multinational companies (MNEs) in international trade has become very great importance in the last 20 years. This is in large part to the increase in the integration of national economies and technological progressRead MoreWhy Multinational Corporations Are Beneficial For Developing Countries1530 Words   |  7 PagesIdentify the positive and negative impacts of multinational companies on less developed countries. The appearance of multinational corporations as a global power and the implications of setting up them in less developed countries was strongly supported by the new rules of world which called economic liberalism and globalization. They became a national phenomenon a post-world war II and widespread when the United States enacted the structure of world regulation for political, economic and militaryRead MoreInternational Climate Affects The Regulation And Market Strategy Of Multinational Corporations And Host Countries Have Dynamic, Interactive Working1748 Words   |  7 Pagesinto foreign market. A Multinational Corporation is an enterprise that operates in more than one country for the purpose of increasing benefit to whole enterprise. A MNC manage complex global operations and serves multiple markets from each location. As multinationals not only strongly influence patterns of international trade, but also channel technology transfer and capital movement across borders, it remains a policy priority to understand what forces shape their activity. Multinational corporationsRead MoreMultinational Corporations : The Current Process Of Globalization1658 Words   |  7 Pages Multinational corporations are evidently playing a starring role in the current process of globalization. This has been fueled by the rising share of cross-border capital flows attributable to foreign direct investment of such multinationals. Further, the multinational corporations have played an integral role in linking financial and product markets globally through transfers of technology, physical capital as well as management techniques. However, in order to venture into foreign markets, corporationsRead MoreCorruption1154 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Corruption in Multinational Corporation’s [Student name] [Professor’s name] [Course title] [Date] Introduction Corruption can be defined as a spiritual or moral deviation from an ideal. Corruption come in different styles and that include bribery and funds embezzlement. Corruption has been the number one menace in many countries of the world. It impacts countries in many ways, impacting economy and development in a negative way. Corruption tends to raise the cost of government

The Events Of World War I - 1178 Words

How One Thing Led to Another; WWI No single person or event caused the Great War. However, there were many factors that contributed to the world’s first war. The events that started World War I were a case of one thing led to another(CITE). Many agree that the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, ultimately led to the beginning of World War I. The major causes of the World War I were embedded deep in European history during the previous 19th century. It really all began during the 1800 s when the idea of Nationalism spread across the continent. During this time, nationalism became popular for people who shared the same language or culture. These people soon began to view themselves as superior to others. The spread of†¦show more content†¦The Germans followed suit by introducing their new battleships. Imperialism is considered to be the most important cause of WWI, because it created tension all over Europe. As European countries discovered more about industrialization, a demand for more land was developed. Germany and Great Britain tried to establish control in Africa and Asia, two weaker and more vulnerable countries. The attempt to govern and control weaker states finally built up to a point where war was the only option to settle the differences. The 18th century was a time of many unstable alliances as countries were still developing and figuring out their governments. Most of these alliances were fragile or temporary as new leaders emerged and political situations changed through the years. What made these alliances even more fragile is that they were created in secret and then revealed to the public later. Some nations even started negotiations without consulting their other alliance partners. So when things went awry, it caused an all-out World War. Tensions escalated when Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated. This was the spark that started World War I. Austria-Hungary then declared war on Serbia because they believed Serbia supported the assassins. Serbia’s ally ,Russia, and Russia’s ally ,France, prepared for war. Germany, the ally of Austria-Hungary, came to their aid and invaded neutral Belgium to get to France. When the French

Investment Management Free Essays

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT FIN6310: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM SET #1 PROF. ARZU OZOGUZ SPRING 2013 1. Calculate the value of the following two bonds. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Assume that coupon payments are made semi-annually and that par value is $1,000 for both bonds. Coupon rate Time to maturity Yield-to-maturity Bond A 5% 5 yrs 7. 2% Bond B 5% 25 yrs 7. 2% Recalculate the bonds’ values if the yield to maturity changes to 9. 4%. Which bond is more sensitive to the changes in the yield? Will this always be the case? When the yield-to-maturity is 7. %, the bond prices are, respectively, 1 1 1. 036 0. 036 1 1. 036 0. 036 1 1. 047 0. 047 1 1. 047 0. 047 25 1000 1. 036 1000 1. 036 908. 98 1 25 746. 58 When the yield-to-maturity is 9. 4%, the bond prices are, respectively, 1 25 1000 1. 036 1000 1. 047 827. 62 1 25 579. 01 Price of bond A decreases by 8. 95%, while price of bond B drops by 22. 45%. The longer term bond is more sensitive to a given change in the discount rate. This will always be the case. Mathematically, there are more terms in the equation for the longer-term bond that are influenced by the discount rate. Practically speaking, your money is tied up longer with a longer term bond and so you will experience greater capital losses and gains when interest rates change. 2. A bond with a coupon rate of 4. 7% is priced to yield 6. 30%. Coupon is paid is semi-annually; the par value is $1,000. The bond has 5 years remaining until maturity. Assuming that market rates stay the same over the next five years, calculate the value of the bond at the beginning of each year and the amount of change in the bond’s value from year to year. Describe the behavior of the bond’s value over time. At t = 0, at issue the price will be 1 1 1. 0315 0. 0315 1 1. 0315 0. 0315 1 1. 0315 0. 0315 1 1. 0315 0. 0315 1 1. 0315 0. 0315 23. 5 1000 1. 0315 932. 28 At the end of year 1, the price becomes 1 23. 5 1000 1. 0315 1000 1. 0315 1000 1. 0315 1000 1. 0315 944. 20 1 23. 5 956. 88 1 23. 5 970. 37 1 23. 5 1000 984. 73 The price change from year to year is ? ? ? ? ? 11. 92 12. 68 13. 49 14. 36 15. 27 The bond is selling at a discount today; its price will rise to move toward par value at maturity. The change in price increases as it gets closer to maturity. 3. Suppose that you purchased a 20-year bond that pays an annual coupon of $40 and is selling at par. Calculate the one –year holding period return for each of these three cases. a. The yield-to-maturity is 5. 5% one year from now. If the yield-to-maturity is 5. 5% one year from now, the bond will be selling for 1 1 1000 1. 055 40 825. 89 1. 055 0. 055 Hence, the holding-period-return (HPR) is: 825. 89 40 1000 13. 41% 1000 b. The yield-to-maturity is the same one year from today as it is today. In this case, the bond price will remain at par and therefore the holding period return equals to coupon rate 4% c. The yield-to-maturity is 2. 5% one year from now. 1 1000 1. 025 40 1224. 68 1. 025 0. 025 Hence, the holding-period-return (HPR) is: 1224. 68 40 1000 26. 47% 1000 1 4. Plot the yield curve implied by the data in the following table. Time to maturity 3 months 6 months 1 year 2 years 5 years 10 years 15 years 20 years Yield-tomaturity 2. 40% 2. 60% 3. 00% 4. 30% 4. 80% 5. 70% 6. 40% 5. 20% Based on the Expectations Hypothesis, what does the yield curve tell us about short-term rates 5 years from now? What does it tell us about short rates 15 years from now and 20 years from now? Since the yield curve is upward sloping through the fifth year, investors expect that short term rates will be higher during that period than they are today. That is, they expect the 3-month rate to be higher than 2. 4% when five years have passed. They also expect short term rates to be higher than current rates in 15 years. This is reflected in the slope of the yield curve which is positive through year 15. However, the expectation is that after 15 years, short term rates will begin to fall again. The downward slope in the yield curve is a sign of that expectation. That is, the 3-month rate that prevails 20 years from now is expected to be lower than the 3-month rate that prevails 15 years from now. 5. The current yield curve for default free zero-coupon bonds is as follows: Maturity (years) 1 2 3 Yield-tomaturity 10% 11% 12% a. What are the implied one year forward rates? The one-year forward rate for time 2 solves the following equation: 1. 11 1. 10 1 12. 009%. Similarly, the one-year forward rate for time 3 solves That is, the equation: 1. 12 That is, 14. 0271% 1. 11 1 b. Assume that the expectations hypothesis of the term structure is correct. If market expectations are accurate, what will the yields to maturity on one year and two year zero coupon bonds be next year? We have already computed the forecast for the one year rate next year. We must now compute the expectation for the 2-years to maturity. This must equate the strategy that consists of investing for 3 years at the current 3-year spot rate with the strategy of investing at the one-year spot rate and then rolling over the profits into a two-year bond one year from now: 1. 10 1 1. 12 13. 0136%. Hence, the forecast for the one-year yield is This implies that 12. 09%, and forecast for the two-year yield is 13. 0136%. c. If you purchase a two year zero coupon bond now, what is the expected total rate of return over the next year? What if you purchase a three year zero coupon bond? You can assume that the par value is $100. We need to compute the forecasted price of the two-year zero-coupon bond at the end of the first year. Notice that by that time this has become a one-year bond. Hence its price is 1000 1. 12009 892. 79 Today the price of this bond is simply 892. 79 811. 62 does not pay any coupons, its return is given by: 1 1 10% . 11. 62. Since this bond Similarly, if you purchase a three-year zero coupon bond today, the forecasted price a year later is 1000 1. 130136 Today, this bond’s price is simply expected holding period return is 78. 295 71. 178 1 78. 295 . 71. 178. Therefore, the 10% 6. Consider the following three bonds. You are investigating how the bonds would react to changes in interest rates. Bond A Face value Years to maturity Coupon rate Yield-to-maturity $1,000 3 5. 5% 4. 80% Zero-coupon bond $1,000 2. 85 0 4. 80% Bond B $1,000 3 8. 75% 4. 80% Assume that coupons are paid once a year. . Find the duration of each bond. Bond A Time 1 2 3 Price ZCB Time 2. 85 Price Bond B Time 1 2 3 Price Cash Flow 87. 5 87. 5 1087. 5 Present value 83. 49 79. 67 944. 81 1107. 97 Weight 0. 075 0. 072 0. 853 Cash Flow 1000 Present value 874 . 92 874. 92 Weight 1. 000 Cash Flow 55 55 1055 Present value 52. 48 50. 08 916. 58 1019. 13 Weight 0. 051 0. 049 0. 899 Hence, the durations are: 0. 051 0. 075 1 1 0. 049 0. 072 2 2 0. 899 0. 853 3 3 2. 85 2. 78 2. 85 b. Calculate the modified duration of each bond. The modified durations are ? ? 2. 85 2. 72 1. 048 2. 78 2. 5 1. 048 c. Calculate the estimated percentage change in price of each bond due to a 0. 50% change in yield to maturity. The percentage change in the price of each bond due to a change in the yield? ? ? to-maturity is ? ? ? 2. 72 2. 65 0. 5% 1. 36% 1. 33% 0. 5% d. What can you conclude about the reactions of the bonds? Specifically, compare the percentage price changes of the bonds with similar durations and the bonds with similar maturities. Bonds with equal durations are more alike than bonds with equal maturities in their reactions to changes in yields. 7. Suppose that your insurance company has issued a Guaranteed Investment Contract (GIC) that matures in three years and promises to pay an interest rate of 23. 36%. The amount invested in GIC today is $150,000. You have decided to immunize your position by purchasing a bond that has a par value of $150,000, a coupon rate of 23. 36%, and four years to maturity. The bond is selling currently at par value. a. What is the future value of your company’s obligation? The future value of the obligation is $150,000 1. 2336 $281,588. 13 b. Assume that the interest rate stays at 23. 36%. At the date at which each payment is received, compute the accumulated value of reinvested coupons and the proceeds from the bond sale. How close will you come to your meeting your obligation? The bond pays a coupon of $150,000 23. 36% $35,040. If the market rates remain unchanged, at the end of year three it will be possible to sell the bond still at par. With this information, we can construct the following table: Year 1 2 3 3 Total future value Cash flow 35,040 35,040 35,040 150,000 Accumulated value 53,322. 78 43,225. 34 35,040 150,000 281,588. 13 That is, you will be able to repay your obligation in full. How to cite Investment Management, Essay examples Investment Management Free Essays 24/02/2013 1 25721 INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Lecturers: Sean Anthonisz Nadima El-Hassan Jianxin Wang Brandon Zhu Subject Coordinator: Jianxin Wang Objectives 2 ? ? ? ? Why do you take this subject? What do you expect to learn? How much did you pay for this subject? Is this a good investment? Investment Decisions 3 ? ? How much should I invest in risky assets? How much should I invest in different risky assets? ? ? How many risky assets should I hold? When not to diversify? ? How to determine mispricing? Fair value today? Expected return next year? ? How well do asset pricing models work? ? ? 1 24/02/2013 Investment Decisions 4 ? Passive versus active investing ? ? Is market efficient? Why not? What does it take to beat the market? How to hedge and how much to hedge? Derivative pricing Trading cost, liquidity, private information ? How should I manage risk? ? ? ? How should I trade? ? ? Sources of my performance? What Do We Learn in This Subject? 5 ? ? ? ? A theoretical framework for portfolio construction. A theoretical framework for the pricing of equities and bonds. Some practical applications of asset pricing models and portfolio analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Issues relating to market efficiency and investor behaviour. Course Structure 6 Funds Management Information Portfolio Theory Risk and Return Markets and Investing CAPM Factor Models APT Options Fixed Income Equities Futures 2 24/02/2013 Investment Electives 7 ? ? ? ? ? ? 25705 Financial Modelling and Forecasting 25728 Bond Portfolio Management 25729 Applied Portfolio Management 24731 International Finance 25762 Synthetic Financial Products A whole range of subjects for Quant Fin majors: technical analysis, numerical analysis, fin econometrics, stat methods, derivative pricing, interest rate modelling. Prerequisite 8 ? ? 25742 Financial Management Basic math and statistics Basic calculus and optimization Probability and distributions ? Mean, variance, standard deviation, covariance ? Linear regression by ordinary least square (OLS) ? ? ? Read the online Quantitative Review ? A very brief review next week What Is Expected – in class 9 ? Lectures are primarily aimed at Identifying and explaining key concepts and issues Highlighting the links to practice ? Completing selected problems from text ? ? ? Questions are encouraged and rewarded. ? Discussion is better than lecture Mutual respect and encouragement; Potential problems: repeated late arrivals, chatting during lecture, academic honesty Code of behavior ? ? 3 24/02/2013 What Is Expected – outside class 10 ? Address some details within the course reading materials. ? Group study is more effective ? ? Workload is about 7-8 hours per week on average (albeit uneven), including course readings, practices, and assignments. Multiple learning channels: ? ? Multiple levels of learning: ? Web-bas ed learning support Lecture material, textbook, and Excel sheets Approach to Learning 11 ? ? ? Read relevant chapters prior to lectures Attempt to identify and understand the key messages: Concepts? Issues? Connections? Ask questions during lecture. ? You paid $$$ for the opportunity ? ? Think reflect; don’t just summarize memorize. Practice using back-of-chapter questions. Approach to Learning — I listen and I forget; I see and I remember; I do and I understand. —Xun Zi Just Do It! —Nike 12 4 24/02/2013 Textbook and Readings 13 ? Bodie, Kane, Marcus, Investments, 9th Ed, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2011. ? You take full responsibility if using an earlier edition. ? ? ? ? Harvard Business School case study 9202-024 â€Å"Strategic Capital Management†. R. A. Haugen, Modern Investment Theory, 5th Ed, Pearson Higher Education, 2001. J. H. Cochrane, 2006, Investments Notes. Other fun books on financial markets. Assessments 14 ? Weekly online quizzes: 10 marks ? ? ? ? ? 15 MC questions in 1 hour Unlimited tries with the best mark kept Monday morning to next Wednesday midnight Once closed, quizzes cannot be reopened Best 10 marks for the semester Group-based case report Online group registration Report due 5pm Friday March 29 Late submissions carry point deduction ? Case study in lecture 6: 10 marks ? ? ? ? Assessments 15 ? Mid-session exam: 40 marks ? ? ? ? Cover lectures 1 – 6, including the case study Multiple-choice (20 marks) Short-answer questions (20 marks) No formula sheet Cover lectures 7 – 13, excluding lecture 8 Multiple-choice (20 marks) Short-answer questions (20 marks) A short list of formulas will be identified and provided during the final exam. ? Final exam: 40 marks ? ? ? ? 5 24/02/2013 Online Group Registration 16 ? ? ? ? ? ? Log in the online course website Click on â€Å"Groups† in the left panel Group names contain â€Å"1m†, â€Å"2m†, â€Å"3m†, â€Å"4m†, indicating max members = 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. The first member is the group leader. Registration closes after 5pm on March 10. Changing group only in the most extreme circumstances. What’s Required? 17 ? ? ? Materials covered in the chapters listed in the lecture program, except certain subsections are explicitly excluded. The midsession and the final exams will focus on materials covered during lectures, with at most 3-4 multiple-choice questions in each exam on materials not covered in lectures. Materials not covered in lectures will be heavily featured in the online quizzes. Administrative Issues 8 ? Name sign: â€Å"Open† for the business of learning ? Take it out at the start of every lecture It’s good to make the lecturer know your name ? Come to consultation hours ? ? ? Other times by appointment Email for straightforward questions Complex questions are best answered through interactive discussion ? Emails will be answered before or during the next consultation hours ? 6 24/02/2013 Learning Support â €“ Postgraduate ? ? ? ? ? Need help with your postgraduate studies at UTS Business School? Are you new to university / postgraduate education? Not sure to how develop your academic skills in writing, reading, critical thinking etc.? Not sure how to complete assignments or achieve your best? Ask for help from the Learning Support Coordinator ? ? ? ? ? ? Make appointments for confidential individual help Lots of ‘online study resources’ to recommend / hardcopy study resources to share Attend the Study Skills Workshops all semester / or download them / Help by email / phone support / Email: learningsupport@uts. edu. au www:http://www. business. uts. edu. au/teaching/student/resources/studen t-learning. tml Join us on facebook UTSBlearningsupport ? Asset Classes 20 ? ? ? ? ? ? The money market The bond market The equity market The real estate market Currency markets Derivative markets ? Financial and commodities ? Others? Trading Platforms 21 ? Organized exchanges Dealership markets Auction markets ? Electronic trading ? ? ? ? OTC – NASDAQ Alternative trading systems (ATS) ? ECNs, dark pools, internal crossi ngs. ? Algorithm/high frequency trading 7 24/02/2013 High Frequency Trading 22 ? Menkveld (2011): a HFTer on Chi-X Dutch stocks from Jan 2007 to June 2008 Trades 1400 times per stock per day ? Gross profit per trade â‚ ¬0. 88 ? ? ? ? ? â‚ ¬1. 55 profit on the spread net of fees â‚ ¬0. 45 profit on positions 5 seconds â‚ ¬1. 13 loss on positions = 5 seconds Max capital committed ? â‚ ¬2 million per stock ? Implied annualized Sharpe ratio = 9. 35! ? ? Sharpe ratio for SP500 over the period = -0. 16 ? Chi-X is in Australia. Costs of Trading 23 ? Commission: fee paid to broker for making the transaction ? Exchange members/subscribers? ? Spread: Bid and ask prices Spread: ask – bid ? P89, #14 ? Market versus limit orders ? ? ? Price impact of large trades Stock Margin Trading 24 ? ? ? ? Borrow (from brokers) to purchase shares Initial margin Maintenance margin – minimum level the equity margin can be Margin call ? Call for more equity funds ? Margin arrangements differ for stocks and derivatives 8 24/02/2013 Margin Trading – Initial Conditions 25 ? ? ? ? ? X Corp: P = $70 Initial Margin = 50% Maintenance Margin = 40% 1000 Shares Purchased Initial Position: Stock $70,000 Borrowed Equity $35,000 $35,000 Maintenance Margin 26 ? ? Stock price falls to $60 per share New Position ? $60,000=$35,000(Borrowed) + 25,000(Equity) ? Margin = $25,000/$60,000 = 41. 67% How far can the price fall before a margin call? ? ? (1000P – $35,000) / 1000P = 40% P = $58. 33 ? P88, #9 Short Sale 27 ? ? Purpose: Profit from a price fall Mechanics Borrow stock through a dealer/broker Sell it and deposit proceeds and margin in an account ? Any dividend is passed back to the lender ? Closing out the position ? ? ? ? Buy back the stock and retu rn it to the lender Profits can be deposited into your own account ? Naked versus covered short sale 9 24/02/2013 Short Sale – Initial Conditions 28 Z Corp Initial Margin Maintenance Margin Initial Price Sale Proceeds Margin Account Balance 100 Shares 50% 30% $100 $10,000 $ 5,000 $15,000 Short Sale – Maintenance Margin 29 ? Stock Price Rises to $110 Stock owed Net equity ? Margin % (4000/11000) ? ? $11,000 $ 4,000 36% ? ? How much can the stock price rise before a margin call? ($15,000 – 100P) / (100P) = 30% P = $115. 38 P89, #12 Summary 30 ? Course introduction and requirements ? Think, reflect, and participate ? ? Financial markets and assets Trading of financial assets Trading platforms Transaction costs ? Margin trading and short selling ? ? 10 How to cite Investment Management, Essay examples

Ukraine Crisis free essay sample

Ukraine, a once member of the Soviet unified organization called Warsaw Pact, is now being seized by it’s former ally, Russia. It is one of the most tragic events involving militarism since the invasion of Georgia in Europe. Ukraine declared it’s independency when the Soviet Union went down. What I see is, the tension is caused by the deed of Ukraine to be a member of the EU or European Union. Therefore, Moscow would not want this because of their interests in Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered Russian troops to form a military barricade in a part of Ukraine known as Crimea. Pro Russian Ukrainians raised Russian flags, brought chaos to the country. Kiev is now in deep trouble, facing the second strongest and dominant military force in the world. Meanwhile, Washington cannot make a move because of the tight situation. President Barrack Obama talked to Putin in a telephone call for 90 minutes, but unfortunately, Putin’ didn’t want any negotiations with the US. We will write a custom essay sample on Ukraine Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe if the Republicans were in position, there could be war declared on Russia. Right-wing sectors or Ultra-Nationalists were fighting for Ukraine’s sovereignty. In fact, they hired Russia’s most wanted man to fight alongside with them. This man fought during the invasion of Georgia. EU cannot make a move because of economic affairs with Russia. Russia supplies almost 70% of Western Europe’s oil needs. This decapitates European Powers to intervene in the said crisis. That is, I think of Putin’s strategy, he knew that EU would not intervene because of their trade matters. My stand in this issue is, I am against Putin’s belligerence. Invasion is an inhumane act. It is an act if direct imperialism. I conclude that, the only solution in the crisis is Russia’s withdrawal of it’s troops. If US would make or conduct military actions, Russia could divert it’s military efforts to Middle East, disrupting peace talks in Iran and Syria. It could arm hostiles in these two countries. Russia could support North Korea’s hostility to the South. Even China’s military campaign in Asia. Even NATO cannot make an action. This situations, at worst could trigger World War 3.